How to Take a Perfect Passport Photo at Home

Lighting Requirements for Passport Photos

Best Option: Window Light

A large north-facing window on an overcast day is the best free passport photo light source. Overcast clouds act as a giant softbox, spreading light evenly across your face with no harsh shadows.

• 1

  Face the window directly

  Stand facing the window so light falls evenly on your face. Never have the window behind you.

• 2

  Move away from the wall

  Stand at least 50 cm from the background wall to prevent your shadow from falling onto it.

• 3

  Check for nose and chin shadows

  Take a test shot and look for shadows under your nose or chin. If visible, move the camera slightly higher or bounce a white reflector from below.

Indoor Lamp Setup (No Window)

If natural window light isn't available, use two lamp stands or desk lamps placed at 45° to either side of your face, at face height. Use daylight-balanced bulbs (5500–6500 K) and diffuse each lamp with a white sheet of paper or a softbox if available.

• Avoid using ceiling lights as the only source — they cast harsh shadows under your nose, eye sockets, and chin
• Use matching bulbs on both sides — mixing warm and cool light creates colour casts
• Do not use direct camera flash — bounce it off the ceiling or use a diffuser instead

Seasonal Tips

In winter or in northern latitudes, daylight is weaker and more angled. On sunny winter days, direct sunlight can be too harsh. Aim for overcast days, or shoot mid-morning when light is softer and more diffuse. In summer, afternoon sun can be too direct — use a sheer curtain to soften it.

Why shadows cause passport photo rejection

Passport authorities use biometric facial recognition to verify your identity. Shadows distort your facial features — changing the apparent shape of your nose, jawline, and eye sockets. Even a faint shadow can prevent the system from accurately mapping your face, leading to automatic rejection.

• Face shadows — Shadows under the nose, chin, or around the eyes make biometric measurements unreliable.
• Background shadows — A shadow cast on the background creates uneven tones that violate the uniform background requirement.
• Harsh lighting — Direct flash or a single strong light source creates deep shadows on one side of the face.

How to eliminate shadows

• 1

  Set up even lighting from the front

  Position two light sources at 45-degree angles on either side of your face. This lights both sides evenly and eliminates shadows. Avoid using a single overhead or side light.

• 2

  Move away from the background wall

  Stand at least 50 cm (20 inches) away from the background wall. The more distance between you and the wall, the less likely your body will cast a visible shadow onto the background.

• 3

  Use diffused light

  Soften your light sources with a lampshade, a white sheet, or by bouncing light off a white ceiling. Diffused light wraps around your face and prevents harsh shadows. Natural window light on an overcast day works well too.

• 4

  Check your photo with idpic.app

  Open your photo in idpic.app — it automatically checks all requirements, detects shadows, corrects the background, and generates a print-ready file that meets official standards.

Best Clothing Colours

• Avoid white or off-white tops — they blend into the required white background and make your head look disconnected from your body.
• Avoid busy patterns — stripes, plaid, and large logos can be distracting and are sometimes flagged by automated processing systems.
• Avoid very light pastels — pale yellow, light pink, or cream can be difficult to distinguish from the background.

Head Coverings and Religious Attire

Hats, caps, and non-religious head coverings are not permitted in passport photos in most countries. Religious head coverings worn daily — such as hijabs, turbans, niqabs, and kippahs — are generally allowed, with these conditions:

• Your full face must be visible — forehead to chin, ear to ear.
• The covering must not cast shadows across your face or neck.
• Check country-specific rules — some countries have additional signed declaration requirements for head covering exemptions.

For hair-specific rules (long hair, bangs, wigs), see our passport photo hair guide.

Glasses

Most countries — including the US, UK, Canada, and Australia — no longer allow glasses in passport photos. If your country still permits glasses, clear lenses only, with no glare or tinted coating. See the full glasses guide for country-by-country rules.

What to Avoid

• Military, police, or other uniforms — use civilian clothing for all standard passport applications
• White, off-white, or very light-coloured tops that blend with the background
• Hats, caps, or hoods (except for religious reasons)
• Sunglasses or tinted eyewear of any kind
• Very large necklaces or earrings that could be mistaken for a head covering or cast shadows

General Hair Rules

• Hair must not cover your eyes or touch your eyebrows
• Hair must not cast shadows across your face or onto the background
• Your face outline from hairline to chin must be unobstructed
• Your photo should reflect your current, consistent appearance

Long Hair

Long hair is permitted. Wear it how you normally would — down, pulled back, in a ponytail. If you wear it down, make sure it doesn't fall forward and obscure your face or jaw. Push hair behind your shoulders to keep your face clearly visible from all sides.

Bangs and Fringes

Light, side-swept bangs that stay above your eyebrows are generally fine. Thick, heavy bangs that cover your forehead down to your eyebrows may trigger rejection in countries that require the full face from hairline to chin to be visible. If your bangs naturally sit at eyebrow level or above, you should be fine.

Hijabs, Turbans, and Religious Head Coverings

Religious head coverings are permitted in most countries for passport photos. The requirements are consistent across countries:

• Full face — forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, chin — must be clearly visible
• No shadows from the covering across the face
• The covering must be worn consistently in daily life
• Some countries (e.g. UK) require a signed statement confirming the religious nature of the covering

See our passport photo clothing guide for more on head covering rules by country.

Wigs

Wigs are allowed if worn as part of your everyday appearance — for medical reasons (such as chemotherapy), alopecia, or consistent daily use. They are not permitted if they are purely cosmetic and you wouldn't wear them in daily life, as your passport photo must represent how you normally look.

Why Neutral Expression Is Required

The ICAO Doc 9303 standard (used by 180+ countries) specifies: "neutral facial expression, with mouth closed." This is enforced by automated systems during online submission and by trained operators at passport offices.

How to Achieve the Right Expression

Common Expression Mistakes That Cause Rejection

• Smiling — any intentional smile, including a "closed mouth" smile, is usually rejected
• Squinting — eyes must be fully open; try shooting without bright light pointing towards your face
• Raised eyebrows — indicates surprise and changes facial geometry
• Mouth slightly open — even a small gap with teeth visible is grounds for rejection in most countries
• Looking away from the camera — eyes must face directly at the lens, not off to one side

Related: Smiling in Passport Photos

For a full country-by-country breakdown of smile rules, see our dedicated passport photo smile guide.

Why Smiling Is Not Allowed

The ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) standard, which governs passport photos in 180+ countries, specifically requires a "neutral facial expression with mouth closed." This is not just a cosmetic rule — it directly affects how reliably automated systems can verify your identity.

Expression Rules by Country

• United States: Neutral expression, mouth closed. No smiling. Enforced since 2004 by the State Department.
• United Kingdom: Neutral expression with eyes open. "A natural expression" is permitted — very slight, natural relaxation is acceptable but not a smile.
• Canada: Neutral, natural expression. Mouth closed, no grinning.
• Australia: Neutral expression, eyes open, looking directly at camera. No smile.
• EU / Schengen countries: ICAO compliant — neutral expression, mouth closed, eyes fully open.
• India: Neutral expression, mouth closed. The Passport Seva system checks for this automatically.

How to Get the Right Expression

What About Babies and Children?

Authorities make practical allowances for very young children. A slight, natural expression is usually accepted for infants who cannot hold a neutral pose. See our baby passport photo guide for specific tips.

Why passport photos get rejected

Government photo requirements are strict because biometric systems need to read your facial features. Even small issues — a slight shadow, a tilt of the head, or tinted lenses — can cause automatic rejection. The most common rejection reasons are:

• Shadows — Shadows on the face or background are the #1 rejection reason.
• Wrong background — Most countries require a plain white or light background.
• Glasses — Many countries now ban glasses entirely in passport photos.
• Wrong expression — A neutral expression with closed mouth is required.
• Wrong dimensions — Each country has specific size requirements for their photos.

How to fix a rejected passport photo

• 1

  Identify the rejection reason

  Read the rejection notice carefully. If no specific reason is given, compare your photo against the official requirements for your country.

• 2

  Retake or adjust the photo

  Use even, diffused lighting. Stand in front of a plain white background. Remove glasses. Keep a neutral expression with eyes open.

• 3

  Validate with idpic.app

  Open your photo in idpic.app — it automatically checks all requirements, corrects the background, crops to the right dimensions, and generates a print-ready file.